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Background   Food-borne disease is mostly caused by unsafe food handling and processing as well as poor hygienic practice. Recently, it is a worldwide and local burden to the human health. It is estimated that about one-third of the world population is affected by food-borne diseases annually and become a global public health problem. Hence, this study aimed to determine the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, and associated risk factors of  Shigella, Salmonella , and intestinal parasites among food handlers in Dilla University, Southern Ethiopia.Methods   An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted from November to September 2018/2019. A structured questionnaire was used for the collection of data on sociodemographic characteristics. Parasite and bacterial identification, as well as susceptibility testing, was done using standard parasitological and bacteriological procedures.Results   Of the total 220 food handlers included in the study, 38.6%, 9.5%, and 3.2% were positive for intestinal parasites,  Salmonella , and  Shigella species , respectively.  A. lumbricoides  (11.4%) was the predominant parasite isolated followed by  E. histolytica  (7.7%). From the total  Salmonella  isolates, serogroup D was the most frequent isolate and from the total  Shigella  species,  Shigella flexneri  was the predominant isolate. In this study, through irregular medical checkups, those who drunk unpasteurized milk and ate raw meat were significantly associated with intestinal parasites. Both  Salmonella  and  Shigella  species were highly resistant to ampicillin (81%) and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (>70%).  Salmonella  isolates are highly sensitive to cefotaxime and ceftriaxone, while  Shigella  is highly sensitive to ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin. MDR was recorded in 71.4% of all bacterial isolates.Conclusion   The presence of a high prevalence of intestinal parasites,  Salmonella,  and  Shigella  species that were resistant to the commonly prescribed drugs is a treat to the children and the community at large. Therefore, measures including health education, improvement of safe water supply, sanitation facilities, and continuous monitoring of microbiological and antimicrobial surveillance are crucial.

international journal of microbiology

Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern of <i>Salmonella</i>, <i>Shigella,</i> and Intestinal Parasites and Associated Factor among Food Handlers in Dilla University Student Cafeteria, Dilla, Ethiopia

Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern of Salmonella, Shigella, and Intestinal Parasites and Associated Factor among Food Handlers in Dilla University Student Cafeteria, Dilla, Ethiopia