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Background    Helicobacter pylori  ( Hp ) infection is the strongest risk factor for gastric cancer (GC). However, the mechanisms of  Hp -associated GC remain to be explored.Methods   The gene expression profiling (GSE111762) data were downloaded from the GEO database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between normal samples (NO) and  Hp -atrophic gastritis (GA) or  Hp -GA and  Hp -GC were identified by GEO2R. Gene Ontology and pathway enrichment analysis were performed using the DAVID database. lncRNA-TF-mRNA and ceRNA regulation networks were constructed using Cytoscape. The cross-networks were obtained by overlapping molecules of the above two networks. GSE27411 and GSE116312 datasets were employed for validation.Results   DEGs between NO and  Hp -GA are linked to the activity of inward rectifying potassium channels, digestion, etc. DEGs between  Hp -GA and  Hp -GC were associated with digestion, positive regulation of cell proliferation, etc. According to the lncRNA-TF-mRNA network, 63 lncRNAs, 12 TFs, and 209 mRNAs were involved in  Hp -GA while 16 lncRNAs, 11 TFs, and 92 mRNAs were contained in the  Hp -GC network. In terms of the ceRNA network, 120 mRNAs, 18 miRNAs, and 27 lncRNAs were shown in  Hp -GA while 72 mRNAs, 8 miRNAs, and 1 lncRNA were included in the  Hp -GC network. In the cross-network, we found that immune regulation and differentiation regulation were important in the process of NO-GA. Neuroendocrine regulation was mainly related to the process of GA-GC. In the end, we verified that CDX2 plays an important role in the pathological process of NO to  Hp -GA. Comparing  Hp -GA with  Hp -GC, DEGs (FPR1, TFF2, GAST, SST, FUT9, and SHH), TF, and GATA5 were of great significance.Conclusions   We identified the DEGs, and their lncRNA regulatory network of  Hp -associated diseases might provide insights into the mechanism between  Hp  infection and GC. Furthermore, in-depth studies of the molecules might be useful to explore the multistep process of gastric diseases.

biomed research international

Differentially Expressed mRNAs and Their Long Noncoding RNA Regulatory Network with Helicobacter pylori-Associated Diseases including Atrophic Gastritis and Gastric Cancer