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RWP-RK proteins are important factors involved in nitrate response and gametophyte development in plants, and the functions of RWP-RK proteins have been analyzed in many species. However, the characterization of peanut RWP-RK proteins is limited. In this study, we identified 16, 19, and 32  RWP-RK  members from  Arachis duranensis ,  Arachis ipaensis , and  Arachis hypogaea , respectively, and investigated their evolution relationships. The RWP-RK proteins were classified into two groups, RWP-RK domain proteins and NODULE-INCEPTION-like proteins. Chromosomal distributions, gene structures, and conserved motifs of  RWP-RK  genes were compared among wild and cultivated peanuts. In addition, we identified 12 orthologous gene pairs from the two wild peanut species, 13 from  A. duranensis  and  A. hypogaea , and 13 from  A. ipaensis  and  A. hypogaea . One, one, and seventeen duplicated gene pairs were identified within the  A. duranensis ,  A. ipaensis , and  A. hypogaea  genomes, respectively. Moreover, different numbers of  cis -acting elements in the  RWP-RK  promoters were found in wild and cultivated species (87 in  A. duranensis , 89 in  A. ipaensis , and 92 in  A. hypogaea ), and as a result, many  RWP-RK  genes showed distinct expression patterns in different tissues. Our study will provide useful information for further functional and evolutionary analysis of the  RWP-RK  genes.

Characterization and Comparative Analysis of RWP-RK Proteins from Arachis duranensis, Arachis ipaensis, and Arachis hypogaea