English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Purpose   The molecular mechanism underlying the tumorigenesis and progression of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) in nonsmoking patients remains unclear. This study was conducted to select crucial therapeutic and prognostic biomarkers for nonsmoking patients with LUAD.Methods   Microarray datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GSE32863 and GSE75037) were analyzed for differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of DEGs was performed, and protein-protein interaction network was then constructed using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes and Cytoscape. Hub genes were then identified by the rank of degree. Overall survival (OS) analyses of hub genes were performed among nonsmoking patients with LUAD in Kaplan-Meier plotter. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and The Human Protein Atlas (THPA) databases were applied to verify hub genes. In addition, we performed Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) of hub genes.Results   We identified 1283 DEGs, including 743 downregulated and 540 upregulated genes. GO enrichment analyses showed that DEGs were significantly enriched in collagen-containing extracellular matrix and extracellular matrix organization. Moreover, 19 hub genes were identified, and 12 hub genes were closely associated with OS. Although no obvious difference was detected in  ITGB1 , the downregulation of  UBB  and upregulation of  RAC1  were observed in LUAD tissues of nonsmoking patients. Immunohistochemistry in THPA database confirmed that  UBB  and  ITGB1  were downregulated, while  RAC1  was upregulated in LUAD. GSEA suggested that ribosome, B cell receptor signaling pathway, and cell cycle were associated with  UBB ,  RAC1 , and  ITGB1  expression, respectively.Conclusions   Our study provides insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms of the carcinogenesis and progression of LUAD in nonsmoking patients and demonstrated  UBB ,  RAC1 , and  ITGB1  as therapeutic and prognostic indicators for nonsmoking LUAD. This is the first study to report the crucial role of  UBB  in nonsmoking LUAD.

High Expression of UBB, RAC1, and ITGB1 Predicts Worse Prognosis among Nonsmoking Patients with Lung Adenocarcinoma through Bioinformatics Analysis