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Purpose    β -Defensin 118 (DEFB118) is a novel host defense peptide (HDP) identified in humans. To evaluate its potentials for future utilization, the DEFB118 gene was expressed in  Escherichia coli  ( E. coli ) and the recombinant protein was fully characterized.Methods   The DEFB118 protein was obtained by heterologous expression using  E. coli  Rosetta (DE3). Antibacterial activity of DEFB118 was determined by using various bacterial strains. IPEC-J cells challenged by  E. coli  K88 were used to determine its influences on inflammatory responses.Results   The  E. coli  transformants yielded more than 250  μ g/mL DEFB118 protein after 4 h induction by 1.0 mM IPTG. The DEFB118 was estimated by SDS-PAGE to be 30 kDa, and MALDI-TOF analysis verified that it is a human  β -defensin 118. Importantly, the DEFB118 showed antimicrobial activities against both Gram-negative bacteria ( E. coli K88  and  E. coli DH5α ) and Gram-positive bacteria ( S. aureus  and  B. subtilis ), with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 4  μ g/mL. Hemolytic assays showed that DEFB118 had no detrimental impact on cell viability. Additionally, DEFB118 was found to elevate the viability of IPEC-J2 cells upon  E. coli  K88 challenge. Moreover, DEFB118 significantly decreased cell apoptosis in the late apoptosis phase and downregulated the expression of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1 β  and TNF- α  in IPEC-J2 cell exposure to  E. coli  K88.Conclusions   These results suggested a novel function of the mammalian defensins, and the antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties of DEFB118 may allow it as a potential substitute for conventionally used antibiotics or drugs.

Expression and Functional Characterization of a Novel Antimicrobial Peptide: Human Beta-Defensin 118