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Proteus mirabilis  is the third most common bacterium that can cause complicated UTI, especially in catheterized patients. Urovirulence genes of  P. mirabilis  strains are poorly identified among UTI patients. The aims of the present study were to determine the prevalence of the uropathogenic  P. mirabilis  strains isolated from UTI patients by the detection of several  P. mirabilis  virulence genes and to characterize the antibiotic susceptibility profile of  P. mirabilis  isolates.  P. mirabilis  isolates were collected from urine specimens of patients suffering from UTI. Virulence genes in  P. mirabilis , namely,  hpmA ,  hpmB ,  rsbA ,  luxS ,  ureC1 ,  hlyA ,  rpoA ,  atfA ,  atfC ,  mrpA , and  pm1  were detected in the isolates via PCR detection method. All  P. mirabilis  virulence genes were detected in more than 90% of the isolates except  hlyA  gene, which was detected in only 23.8% of the isolates. The rate of susceptibility for ceftriaxone was 96.8%, followed by norfloxacin (82.5%), gentamicin (71.4%), ciprofloxacin (69.8%), cephalexin (52.4%), nalidixic acid (42.9%), sulfamethoxazole (39.7%), ampicillin (36.5%), and nitrofurantoin (3.2%). Significant associations ( P  < 0.05) were detected between antimicrobial susceptibility of each of the following antibiotics and the presence virulence genes. Cephalexin antimicrobial susceptibility was significantly associated with the presence each of ureC1 and atfC. Sulfamethoxazole antimicrobial susceptibility was significantly associated with the presence atfA. Ceftriaxone antimicrobial susceptibility was significantly associated with the presence each of  hpmA ,  ureC1 ,  rpoA ,  atfC ,  mrpA , and  pm1 . Nitrofurantoin antimicrobial susceptibility was significantly associated with the presence each of  hpmA ,  ureC1 ,  rpoA ,  atfA ,  atfC ,  mrpA , and  pm1 . In conclusion, an association between the presence of urovirulence genes of  P. mirabilis  and increasing  P. mirabilis  resistance to antimicrobials has been demonstrated.

Assessment of Pathogenic Potential, Virulent Genes Profile, and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Proteus mirabilis from Urinary Tract Infection