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Diarrheal disease, characterized by the release of more than three loose or liquid stools per day, remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in children below 5 years of age in developing countries. Many drugs used in diarrhea management face contraindication and, with regard to infectious diarrhea, resistance of some bacterial strains; this therefore increases the need of new alternative and more effective drugs. This study aimed to evaluate anti- Shigella flexneri  activities of  Crinum jagus  water/ethanol extract.  In vitro  activities were assayed by disc diffusion and agar dilution methods and i n vivo  section on  Shigella flexneri -induced diarrhea in rats. This was done by oral administration of 9 X 10 8  CFU of  Shigella flexneri  to rats that were treated twice daily with  Crinum jagus  water/ethanol extract for seven consecutive days. Ciprofloxacin was used as positive control. Daily  Shigella flexneri  load was evaluated. After one treatment week, animals were then sacrificed and interleukins (IL-2 and INF- γ ), immunoglobulins (IgA and IgM), motilin, vasoactive intestinal peptide, and ions (sodium, potassium, calcium, and chloride) levels were determined. Also, blood cell count was realized.  Crinum jagus  water/ethanol extract dose-dependently inhibited  Shigella flexneri  growth with inhibition diameter of 18.90 and 25.36 mm, respectively, at 0.39 and 200 mg/mL. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 0.10 mg/mL and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was 0.30 mg/mL with MBC/MIC ratio of 3.0. In  Shigella flexneri -induced diarrheic rats,  Crinum jagus  reduced (p<0.01) diarrheal stools emission and  Shigella  load and lowered IL-2, INF- γ , IgA, IgM, and motilin blood levels, whereas it increased (p<0.01) vasoactive intestinal peptide, sodium, potassium, calcium, and chloride blood levels. In diarrheal rats,  Crinum jagus  restored the decreasing white blood cells and haemoglobin and restored the damaged colon epithelium, where it reduced the density of mucus-filled goblet cells. These results confirm the use of  Crinum jagus  in ethnomedicine in diarrhea treatment.

Effects of Crinum jagus Water/Ethanol Extract on Shigella flexneri-Induced Diarrhea in Rats