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Menyanthes trifoliata  L. is a valuable medical plant found in Europe, North America, and Asia, which grows on peat bogs and swamps. It has long been used in folk medicine as a remedy for various ailments. This is the first report to demonstrate the protective antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of aqueous methanolic extracts derived from the aerial parts (MtAPV) and roots (MtRV) of  in vitro  grown plants on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). It describes the influence of the tested extracts on the expression of antioxidant (HO-1, NQO1,  NRF2 ,  kEAP1 , and  GCLC ) and inflammation-related genes ( IL-1α ,  IL-1β ,  IL-6 ,  TNF-α , and  IFN-γ ) in cells stimulated with H 2 O 2  or LPS, respectively. In addition,  M. trifoliata  extracts were found to moderately affect the growth of certain bacterial and fungal pathogens, with the strongest antibacterial effect found against  Pseudomonas aeruginosa  and  Enterococcus faecalis .  M. trifoliata  extracts demonstrated protective effects against mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and nuclear DNA (nDNA) damage caused by ROS, decreasing the numbers of mtDNA lesions in the  ND1  and  ND2  genes and nDNA damage in the  TP53  and  HPRT1  genes and reducing cleavage in PARP1- and  γ -H2A.X-positive cells. The root extract of  in vitro M. trifoliata  (MtRV) appears to have better anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and protective properties than the extract from the aerial part (MtAPV). These differences in biological properties may result from the higher content of selected phenolic compounds and betulinic acid in the MtRV than in the MtAPV extract.

oxidative medicine and cellular longevity

An Evaluation of the DNA-Protective Effects of Extracts from<i>Menyanthes trifoliata</i>L. Plants Derived from<i>In Vitro</i>Culture Associated with Redox Balance and Other Biological Activities

An Evaluation of the DNA-Protective Effects of Extracts fromMenyanthes trifoliataL. Plants Derived fromIn VitroCulture Associated with Redox Balance and Other Biological Activities