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Purpose   To compare the prevalence of and factors associated with  Demodex brevis  and  Demodex folliculorum  in patients with cylindrical dandruff (CD group) and healthy controls.Methods   Eyelashes were taken from 1680 patients with CD and 1700 healthy controls in China from March 2015 to May 2017. All patients underwent a complete eye examination, and  Demodex  spp. were counted. The prevalence was analyzed according to age, gender, and clinical features.Results   Mean patient age was 42.93 ± 16.52 (3–88) and 39.4 ± 13.6 (7–81) years old in the CD and healthy control groups, respectively. In the CD and healthy groups, the positive rate for  Demodex folliculorum  was 27.92% and 8.47%, respectively, while that for  Demodex brevis  was 31.67% and 6.65%, respectively. In the CD group, the prevalence of  Demodex brevis  was higher than that of  Demodex folliculorum , no matter in the females (33.65% versus 29.01%) or the males (28.54% versus 23.88%) in the CD group. Moreover, the numbers of  Demodex folliculorum  and  Demodex brevis  were significantly and positively correlated with age, in both children and old patients (both  P  < 0.001), as well as with the severity of eyelid congestion (all  P  < 0.05).Conclusions   In a large sample population, the prevalence of  Demodex brevis  and  Demodex folliculorum  was higher in the CD group than in healthy volunteers. In addition, the severity of eyelid congestion might be exacerbated by the number of  Demodex  spp., which may therefore provide a good clinical reference and objective guide.

The Prevalence of Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis in Cylindrical Dandruff Patients