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Many pavement distress (PD) indexes are defined only from the perspective of the PD physical structure, which cannot describe the change of traffic efficiency. Some PD indexes are defined considering the influence of traffic efficiency, but it is unpractical to calculate them out due to their complex processes. We quantify the impact of the cohesive whole of PD points on the traffic flow and also define the corresponding PD index which is easy to compute. Firstly, the lane cell based on the idea of road discretization is introduced. Secondly, the PD degree for the lane cell is defined by the reduction of the average vehicle speed given the same flow condition. The cell whose PD degree is larger than 0 is defined as the PD cell. Then, considering (1) the ratio of PD cells, (2) PD cell distribution, and (3) the influence of the vehicle lane changing, we define the holistic road-damage degree (HRDD) as the PD index. At last, the relationship among HRDD, flow speed, and flow volume is analyzed through the simulated experiments. The results show that (1) the average speed is inversely proportional to HRDD, and the reduction of vehicle speed is more significant with the increase of the traffic flow input; (2) the inverse relation between road capacity and HRDD can be seen on the whole HRDD range. In another word, the proposed HRDD describes the change of traffic efficiency indeed.

Measurement of Holistic Road Damage and Analysis of Its Corresponding Traffic Characteristics