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Aim   To explore the role of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) in the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis in diabetic kidney disease (DKD).Methods   The proportion of ILC2s and the levels of Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13) in the peripheral blood of normal control subjects (NC) or patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), early diabetic kidney disease (DKD1), or late diabetic kidney disease (DKD2) were analyzed by flow cytometry and ELISA. The expression of transforming growth factor- β 1 (TGF- β 1), fibronectin (FN), collagen1, IL-4R α , and IL-13R α 1 in renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) induced by IL-4, IL-13, or high glucose was analyzed by ELISA or qPCR.Results   The proportion of ILC2s and the levels of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 were significantly increased in DKD patients and were positively correlated with the severity of DKD ( P  < 0.05). The expression of TGF- β 1, FN, and collagen1 was significantly upregulated in HK-2 cells induced by IL-4 or IL-13 ( P  < 0.05). Moreover, the IL-4R α  and IL-13R α 1 mRNA in HK2 cells were increased followed by high glucose alone or combined with IL-4 or IL-13, but the differences were not statistically significant ( P  > 0.05). However, compared with high-glucose stimulation alone, the expression of TGF- β 1, FN, and collagen1 was significantly increased in HK-2 cells induced by high glucose combined with IL-4 or IL-13 ( P  < 0.05).Conclusions   ILC2s may participate in renal fibrosis in DKD partly via TGF- β 1 signal pathway.

Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells Participate in Renal Fibrosis in Diabetic Kidney Disease Partly via TGF-β1 Signal Pathway