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Background   Repeated or continuous chronic psychological stress may induce diverse neuropsychiatric disorders; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we explored the expression profiles of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and mRNAs, along with their biological function and regulatory network, in mice after repeated social defeat (RSD) stress to explore their potential involvement in the development of anxiety-like behaviors.Main Methods   RNA-sequencing was used to screen all differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs and mRNAs between the RSD and control groups. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used for confirmation of the RNA-sequencing results. The function of DE lncRNAs was predicted by Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment and pathway analyses of target mRNAs. In addition, the functional regulatory network of the target mRNAs was constructed to reveal potential relationships between lncRNAs and their target genes with bioinformatics approaches.Key Findings   In mice experiencing RSD, 373 and 454 lncRNAs, along with 1142 and 654, mRNAs were significantly upregulated and downregulated, respectively. The detailed regulatory network included 126 eligible lncRNA-mRNA pairs. Among them, 14 genes such as  Arhgef1, Chchd2, Fam107a, Dlg1, Nova2, Dpf1 , and  Shank3  involved in neurite growth, neural development, and synaptic plasticity were direct targets of the DE lncRNAs. qRT-PCR of four of the DE lncRNAs and mRNAs confirmed the reliability of RNA-sequencing. GO clustering analyses showed that the top enriched biological process, cellular component, and molecular function terms were synaptic transmission, neuron spine, and glutamate receptor binding, respectively. Further, the top three significant enriched pathways were synaptic adhesion-like molecule (SALM) protein interactions at the synapses, trafficking of  α -amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors, as well as glutamate binding, activation of AMPA receptors, and synaptic plasticity.Significance   Hundreds of lncRNAs and mRNAs are dysregulated after RSD, and many of these lncRNAs might participate in the development of anxiety-like behaviors via multiple complex mechanisms such as target regulation. Available informatics evidence highlighted the likely role of synapse dysfunction and abnormal synaptic neurotransmission in these behaviors. Thus, our findings provide potential candidate biomarkers or intervention targets for chronic psychological stress-induced neuropsychiatric disorders.

RNA-Sequencing and Bioinformatics Analysis of Long Noncoding RNAs and mRNAs in the Prefrontal Cortex of Mice Following Repeated Social Defeat Stress