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Background   Carnosinase-1 (CN-1) can be detected in 24 h urine of healthy individuals and patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). We aimed to assess whether urinary CN-1 is also reliably measured in spot urine and investigated its association with renal function and the albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR). We also assessed associations between the  CNDP1  (CTG)  n   genotype and CN-1 concentrations in serum and urine.Methods   Patients with T2DM ( n  = 85) and nondiabetic patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) ( n  = 26) stratified by albuminuria (ACR ≤ 300 mg/g or ACR > 300 mg/g) recruited from the nephrology clinic and healthy subjects ( n  = 24) were studied.Results   Urinary CN-1 was more frequently detected and displayed higher concentrations in patients with ACR > 300 mg/g as compared to those with ACR ≤ 300 mg/g irrespective of the baseline disease (T2DM: 554 ng/ml [IQR 212-934 ng/ml] vs. 31 ng/ml [IQR 31-63 ng/ml] ( p  < 0.0001) and nondiabetic CKD: 197 ng/ml [IQR 112-739] vs. 31 ng/ml [IQR 31-226 ng/ml] ( p  = 0.015)). A positive correlation between urinary CN-1 and ACR was found ( r  = 0.68,  p  < 0.0001). Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that ACR and serum CN-1 concentrations but not eGFR or the CNDP1 genotype are independent predictors of urinary CN-1, explaining 47% of variation of urinary CN-1 concentrations ( R  2  = 0.47,  p  < 0.0001).Conclusion   These results confirm and extend previous findings on urinary CN-1 concentrations, suggesting that assessment of CN-1 in spot urine is as reliable as in 24 h urine and may indicate that urinary CN-1 in macroalbuminuric patients is primarily serum-derived and not locally produced.

journal of diabetes research

Serum Carnosinase-1 and Albuminuria Rather than the<i>CNDP1</i>Genotype Correlate with Urinary Carnosinase-1 in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

Serum Carnosinase-1 and Albuminuria Rather than theCNDP1Genotype Correlate with Urinary Carnosinase-1 in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease