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This study was undertaken to evaluate the activities of water/ethanol  Cola anomala  pods extract.  In vitro  antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by the disk diffusion method; the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration were determined by agar dilution technique.  In vivo , shigellosis was induced in healthy Wistar albino rats by oral administration of  Shigella flexneri  inoculum, 12 × 10 8  CFU/mL. At the onset of diarrhea, infected and normal control animals were subdivided into various groups treated with distilled water, with water/ethanol  Cola anomala  pods extract at 25, 50, or 100 mg/kg, or with ciprofloxacin, 2.5 mg/kg. After one-week treatment, rats were sacrificed, and blood and colon were collected. Blood was used for blood cell count. A portion of the colon served for histological studies while homogenate from the remaining part was centrifuged and the supernatant was collected for the determination of NO, PGE 2 , IL-1 β , and TNF- α  levels.  In vitro , water/ethanol  Cola anomala  pods extract showed to be bactericidal, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 2.0 mg/mL and a minimum bactericidal concentration of 3.0 mg/mL. In diarrheic rats, the extract significantly ( P  < 0.01) increased the white blood cells and significantly ( P  < 0.01) decreased stool  Shigella  density from the first to the seventh day of treatment. It partially restored the structure of eroded intestine epithelium and prevented weight loss; the dose dependently and significantly ( P  < 0.001) decreased NO, IL-1 β , and TNF- α  production in the colon and was found to have no significant effect on PGE 2  production. These results support the use of this plant in traditional medicine in the treatment of gastrointestinal ailments.

Anti-Shigellosis Activity ofCola anomalaWater/Ethanol Pods Extract onShigella flexneri-Induced Diarrhea in Rats