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Monolluma quadrangula  is a succulent bush traditionally used to treat diabetes and peptic ulcer. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of  M. quadrangula  hydroethanolic extract on glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, glucose metabolizing enzymes, lipid profile, and adiponectin expression in type 2 diabetic rats. In addition, the study evaluated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the  M. quadrangula  extract. Type 2 diabetes was induced by feeding rats a high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks followed by 30 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ). Diabetic rats received 300 or 600 mg/kg  M. quadrangula  extract for 4 weeks. HFD/STZ diabetic rats showed impaired glucose tolerance, reduced insulin secretion, and insulin resistance. HFD and STZ induced a significant increase in serum cholesterol, triglycerides and proinflammatory cytokines, and liver lipid peroxidation. Treatment with  M. quadrangula  extract ameliorated these metabolic disturbances and increased liver glycogen, hexokinase activity, and antioxidants.  M. quadrangula  declined the activity of liver glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-biphosphatase. In addition,  M. quadrangula  extract increased serum adiponectin levels and hepatic adiponectin expression in HFD/STZ diabetic rats. In conclusion,  M. quadrangula  exerts antidiabetic effect mediated  via  ameliorating glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, glucose metabolizing enzymes, and antioxidant defenses. Increased adiponectin levels and expression seems to mediate, at least in part, the antidiabetic effect of  M. quadrangula .

oxidative medicine and cellular longevity

Antidiabetic Effect of<i>Monolluma quadrangula</i>Is Mediated<i>via</i>Modulation of Glucose Metabolizing Enzymes, Antioxidant Defenses, and Adiponectin in Type 2 Diabetic Rats

Antidiabetic Effect ofMonolluma quadrangulaIs MediatedviaModulation of Glucose Metabolizing Enzymes, Antioxidant Defenses, and Adiponectin in Type 2 Diabetic Rats