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A new compound, bis(4-hydroxybenzyl)ether mono- β -L-galactopyranoside ( 1 ), was isolated from the rhizome of  Gastrodia elata  Blume. Its structure was elucidated using extensive spectroscopic analysis, including 1D and 2D NMR, HR-ESI-TOF-MS, and chemical derivatization. Compound  1  extended the replicative lifespan of K6001 and the chronological lifespan of YOM36 yeast strains. To understand the mechanism of action, oxidative stress assessment, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, catalase (CAT) and total glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity assays, and replicative lifespan assay of  sod1 ,  sod2 ,  uth1 , and  skn7  yeast mutant strains were performed. Results indicated the significant increase in the survival rate of yeast under oxidative stress after treatment with  1 . ROS and MDA levels were reduced significantly. Meanwhile, the activity of CAT and GPx was significantly increased. The lifespan of  sod1 ,  sod2 ,  uth1 , and  skn7  mutants of K6001 was not affected by  1 . Furthermore, we investigated the gene expression related to longevity after administrating  1 . The significant increase of  Sir2  and reduction of  Uth1  gene expression in the  1 -treated group were observed. These results indicated that antioxidative stress played an important role in the antiaging effect of  1 ;  Sir2  and  Uth1  genes were involved in antiaging effects of  1 .

Structure Characterization and Action Mechanism of an Antiaging New Compound from Gastrodia elata Blume