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Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) remain a challenge in African healthcare settings and only few data are available on their aetiology in Cameroon. The purpose of this study was to access the bacterial cause of LRTIs in patients in Cameroon by two methods.  Methods . Participants with LRTIs were enrolled in the referral centre for respiratory diseases in Yaoundé city and its surroundings. To detect bacteria, specimens were tested by conventional bacterial culture and a commercial reverse-transcriptase real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay. One hundred forty-one adult patients with LRTIs were enrolled in the study. Among the participants, 46.8% were positive for at least one bacterium.  Streptococcus pneumoniae  and  Haemophilus influenzae  were the most detected bacteria with 14.2% (20/141) followed by  Klebsiella pneumoniae , 9.2% (13/141),  Staphylococcus aureus , 7.1% (10/141), and  Moraxella catarrhalis , 4.3% (6/141). Bacterial coinfection accounted for 23% (14/61) with  Haemophilus influenzae  being implicated in 19.7% (12/61). The diagnostic performance of RT-PCR for bacteria detection (43.3%) was significantly different from that of culture (17.7%) (p< 0.001). Only  Streptococcus pneumoniae  detection was associated with empyema by RT-PCR (p<0.001). These findings enhance understanding of bacterial aetiologies in order to improve respiratory infection management and treatment. It also highlights the need to implement molecular tools as part of the diagnosis of LRTIs.

Bacterial Aetiologies of Lower Respiratory Tract Infections among Adults in Yaoundé, Cameroon