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To investigate the aerodynamic excitations in variable geometry turbines, the full three-dimensional viscous unsteady numerical simulations were performed by solving N-S equations based on SAS SST method. The aerodynamic excitations at varied expansion ratios with six different vane stagger angles that cause the unsteady pressure fluctuation on the rotor blade surface are phenomenologically identified and quantitatively analyzed. The blade pressure fluctuation levels for turbines with different vane stagger angles in the time and frequency domain are analyzed. As the results suggest, the blade excitation mechanisms are directly dependent on the operating conditions of the stage in terms of vane exit Mach numbers for all test cases. At subsonic vane exit Mach numbers the blade pressure fluctuations are simply related to the potential filed and wake propagation; at transonic conditions, the vane trailing edge shock causes additional disturbance and is the dominating excitation source on the rotor blade, and the pressure fluctuation level is three times of the subsonic conditions. The pressure fluctuation energy at subsonic condition concentrates on the first vane passing period; pressure fluctuation energy at higher harmonics is more prominent at transonic conditions. The variation of the aerodynamic excitations on the rotor blade at different vane stagger angles is caused by the varied expansion with stator and rotor passage. The aerodynamic excitation behaviors on the rotor blade surface for the VGT are significantly different at varied vane stagger angle. Spanwise variation of the pressure fluctuation patterns on is also observed, and the mechanism of the excitations at different spans is not uniform.

Investigation of Unsteady Aerodynamic Excitation on Rotor Blade of Variable Geometry Turbine