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Abnormalities of forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) are implicated in various autoimmune diseases. This study is aimed at investigating the association of ulcerative colitis (UC) with  FOXP3  polymorphisms and its colonic expression in Chinese patients. Polymorphisms of rs3761548, rs2232365, rs2294021, and rs3761547 were examined in 472 UC patients and 525 healthy controls using the SNaPshot method. The colonic expression of  FOXP3  mRNA and protein was assayed in inflammatory mucosa of 34 UC patients and normal mucosa of 36 patients with benign sigmoid polyps (normal controls) using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical analysis. All data were handled separately for females and males. As a result, the carrier frequencies with at least one variant allele of rs3761548, rs2232365, and rs229402 increased in female and male UC patients compared with healthy controls. Significant differences in these carrier frequencies were also observed between patients with mild and moderate UC and patients with severe UC. The expression of  FOXP3  was higher in UC patients (both males and females), especially those with severe UC, than in normal controls. The expression of  FOXP3  was downregulated in UC patients having at least one variant allele compared with UC patients having no variant allele of rs3761548, rs2232365, and rs2294021. Male gender ( β  = −0.341), rs2294021 variation ( β  = −0.503), and severe UC ( β  = 0.361) were independently related to the mRNA expression of  FOXP3  in UC patients. Together, our findings indicated that  FOXP3  (rs3761548, rs2232365, and rs2294021) variations increased the risk of UC and were associated with the lower colonic expression of  FOXP3  in UC patients.

Association of Ulcerative Colitis with FOXP3 Gene Polymorphisms and Its Colonic Expression in Chinese Patients