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Background and Aims   A growing body of research has demonstrated that the degeneration of chondrocytes is the primary cause of osteoarthritis (OA). Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) can alleviate the degeneration of chondrocytes via promotion of chondrocyte proliferation and inhibition of terminal differentiation, but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. This study aimed to identify the microRNAs (miRNAs) that may target PTHrP and regulate the proliferation and terminal differentiation of chondrocytes.Methods   Bioinformatic analysis was used to predict which miRNAs target PTHrP. We collected human knee cartilage specimens to acquire the primary chondrocytes, which we then used to test the expression and function of the targeted miRNAs. To explore the effects of miR-15a-5p on the putative binding sites, specific mimics or inhibitors were transfected into the chondrocytes. Furthermore, a dual-luciferase reporter gene assay and chondrocyte degeneration-related factors were used to verify the possible mechanism.Results   The expression of PTHrP was upregulated in the OA chondrocytes, whilst miR-15a-5p was downregulated in the OA chondrocytes. A negative correlation was observed between PTHrP and miR-15a-5p. The knockdown of miR-15a-5p promoted the growth of chondrocytes and inhibited calcium deposition, whilst overexpression of miR-15a-5p reversed this trend. The effect of miR-15a-5p overexpression was neutralised by PTHrP. Dual-luciferase reporter assays revealed that PTHrP can be used as a novel targeting molecule for miR-15a-5p.Conclusions   miR-15a-5p promotes the degeneration of chondrocytes by targeting PTHrP and, in addition to helping us understand the development of OA, may be a potential biomarker of OA.

MicroRNA-15a-5p Regulates the Development of Osteoarthritis by Targeting PTHrP in Chondrocytes