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Chronic inflammation is a pivotal contributor to the liver damage mediated by hepatitis C virus (HCV). The NOD-like receptor, pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is activated by HCV in both hepatocytes and Kupffer cells. The aim of our study was to investigate the association of nine single-nucleotide polymorphisms in four inflammasome genes (NLRP3, CARD8, IL-1 β , and IL-18) with the susceptibility to HCV infection and outcome of interferon treatment in 201 Egyptian chronic hepatitis C patients and 95 healthy controls. The genotyping was conducted using TaqMan predesigned SNP assay. In the comparative analysis, the CC genotype of the NLRP3 rs1539019 was found to be associated with the lower risk to chronic HCV infection (OR: 0.33, 95% CI: 0.17-0.62). This association was also found for the CA genotype and the A allele of the NLRP3 rs35829419 (OR: 0.18 and 0.22, respectively), in addition to the GG genotype and G allele of IL-18 rs1946518 (OR: 0.55 and 0.61, respectively). In contrast, the AA genotype of the IL-1 β  rs1143629 was significantly more frequent in HCV patients (OR: 1.7, 95% CI: 1-2.86). Notably, the frequency of the AA genotype of NLRP3 rs1539019 was significantly higher in patients with lack of response (NR) to the interferon treatment (OR: 1.95, 95% CI: 1-3.7). A similar association was found for both the CC genotype and C allele of the NLRP3 rs35829419 (OR: 2.78 and 2.73, respectively) and for the TT genotype and T allele of CARD8 rs2043211 (OR: 2.64 and 1.54, respectively). Yet, the IL-1 β  (rs1143629, rs1143634) and IL-18 (rs187238, rs1946518) polymorphisms did not show any significant association with response to interferon treatment. In conclusion, this study reports, for the first time, the association of genetic variations in NLRP3 with hepatitis C susceptibility and response to treatment in Egyptian patients. However, further large-scale studies are recommended to confirm our findings.

Inflammasome Genes’ Polymorphisms in Egyptian Chronic Hepatitis C Patients: Influence on Vulnerability to Infection and Response to Treatment