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Verticillium wilt of cotton, caused by the soilborne pathogen  Verticillium dahliae , is one of the most serious diseases of cotton worldwide. Increased concerns about the side effects of synthetic pesticides have resulted in greater interest in developing biocontrol strategies against Verticillium wilt. We evaluated a  Fusarium solani  CEF559 isolate, obtained from the endosphere of healthy cotton plants, for its biocontrol potential against  V .  dahliae in vitro  and  in vivo . In addition to disease assessment, three key genes in the lignin metabolism pathway and four pathogenesis-related (PR) genes were monitored using qRT-PCR. In the laboratory tests,  F. solani  CEF559 inhibited  V .  dahliae  colony growth by 75% and sporulation by nearly 80% and completely suppressed conidial production. However, volatile metabolites from CEF559 did not affect  V. dahliae  colony growth. In the greenhouse study, CEF559 significantly reduced wilt development, with a control efficacy greater than 60% when assessed 25 days postinoculation. In a field experiment, CEF559 reduced wilt development, with the efficacy ranting from 30.1% to 56.3%. PR genes and those key genes in the lignin metabolism pathway were transiently upregulated in the cotton roots pretreated with CEF559 when subsequently inoculated with  V. dahliae , compared with those plants inoculated with  V. dahliae  only. Moreover, CEF559 inhibited  V. dahliae  colonisation of both the roots and hypocotyls. The present results suggest that this cotton endophytic fungal strain,  F .  solani  CEF559, confers protection against  V .  dahliae .

Evaluation of the Biocontrol Potential of Endophytic Fungus Fusarium solani CEF559 against Verticillium dahliae in Cotton Plant