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In the biomedical field, there is growing interest in using human stem cell-derived neurons as  in vitro  models for pharmacological and toxicological screening of bioactive compounds extracted from natural products.  Lignosus rhinocerus  (Tiger Milk Mushroom) is used by indigenous communities in Malaysia as a traditional medicine to treat various diseases. The sclerotium of  L. rhinocerus  has been reported to have medicinal properties, including various bioactivities such as neuritogenic, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects. This study aims to investigate the neuroprotective activities of  L. rhinocerus  sclerotial extracts. Human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived neural lineages exposed to the synthetic glucocorticoid, dexamethasone (DEX), were used as the  in vitro  models. Excess glucocorticoids have been shown to adversely affect fetal brain development and impair differentiation of neural progenitor cells. Screening of different  L. rhinocerus  sclerotial extracts and DEX on the hESC-derived neural lineages was conducted using cell viability and neurite outgrowth assays. The neuroprotective effects of  L. rhinocerus  sclerotial extracts against DEX were further evaluated using apoptosis assays and Western blot analysis. Hot aqueous and methanol extracts of  L. rhinocerus  sclerotium promoted neurite outgrowth of hESC-derived neural stem cells (NSCs) with negligible cytotoxicity. Treatment with DEX decreased viability of NSCs by inducing apoptosis. Coincubation of  L. rhinocerus  methanol extract with DEX attenuated the DEX-induced apoptosis and reduction in phospho-Akt (pAkt) level in NSCs. These results suggest the involvement of Akt signaling in the neuroprotection of  L. rhinocerus  methanol extract against DEX-induced apoptosis in NSCs. Methanol extract of  L. rhinocerus  sclerotium exhibited potential neuroprotective activities against DEX-induced toxicity in hESC-derived NSCs. This study thus validates the use of human stem cell-derived neural lineages as potential  in vitro  models for screening of natural products with neuroprotective properties.

biomed research international

Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Neural Lineages as<i> In Vitro</i> Models for Screening the Neuroprotective Properties of<i> Lignosus rhinocerus</i> (Cooke) Ryvarden

Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Neural Lineages as In Vitro Models for Screening the Neuroprotective Properties of Lignosus rhinocerus (Cooke) Ryvarden