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Aims   The serum concentrations of miRNAs, miR-23a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-146a-5p, miR-146b-5p, and miR-150-5p, were shown to be associated with the immune and inflammatory progressions. We assessed the expressions of these five miRNAs in association with clinical phenotypes and myositis-specific autoantibody-defined subgroups of dermatomyositis (DM).Methods   The present study included 49 patients with DM and 30 healthy controls. The serum concentrations of miR-23a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-146a-5p, miR-146b-5p, and miR-150-5p were measured by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Associations between the serum concentrations of miRNAs and DM clinical immune phenotypes were examined as well.Results   The serum concentrations of miR-23b-3p, miR-146a-5p, and miR-150-5p were significantly downregulated in DM patients ( P  < 0.001,  P  < 0.001, and  P  = 0.002, respectively), while miR-146b-5p was remarkably upregulated in DM patients compared with healthy controls ( P  = 0.039). Similarly, the expressions of miR-23b-3p, miR-146a-5p, and miR-150-5p were significantly downregulated in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from DM patients. Further study indicated that the serum level of miR-23b-3p was significantly correlated with creatine kinase (CK) ( r  = −0.286,  P  = 0.046) and the serum level of miR-146a-5p was evidently correlated with C-reactive protein (CRP) ( r  = −0.358,  P  = 0.012). Significant correlations were also observed between the serum levels of miR-146b-5p and CRP ( r  = −0.347,  P  = 0.014) and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) ( r  = −0.287,  P  = 0.046). In addition, the expression level of miR-146b-5p was upregulated in DM complicated by tumors compared with those without tumors ( P  = 0.001 and  P  < 0.001, respectively). Especially, miR-150-5p was significantly downregulated in DM patients with anti-MDA5 antibodies and anti-NXP2 antibodies compared with those without ( P  = 0.017 and  P  = 0.047, respectively). No significant differences were observed between the four serum microRNAs in patients with and without interstitial lung diseases (all  P  > 0.05).Conclusion   The results suggest an association between the four immune-related microRNAs and different clinical immune-phenotypes, and this association may regulate the complexity of disease processes through multipathways in DM patients.

Specific Autoantibodies and Clinical Phenotypes Correlate with the Aberrant Expression of Immune-Related MicroRNAs in Dermatomyositis