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Due to atrophy, muscle weakness is a common occurrence in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The majority of human studies are conducted on the  vastus lateralis  muscle—a muscle with mixed fiber type—but little comparative data between multiple muscles in either rodent or human models are available. The current study therefore assessed both muscle ultrastructure and selected redox indicators across various muscles in a model of collagen-induced rheumatoid arthritis in female Sprague-Dawley rats. Only three muscles, the  gastrocnemius ,  extensor digitorum longus  ( EDL ), and  soleus , had lower muscle mass (38%, 27%, and 25% loss of muscle mass, respectively; all at least  P  < 0.01), while the  vastus lateralis  muscle mass was increased by 35% ( P  < 0.01) in RA animals when compared to non-RA controls. However, all four muscles exhibited signs of deterioration indicative of rheumatoid cachexia. Cross-sectional area was similarly reduced in  gastrocnemius ,  EDL , and  soleus  (60%, 58%, and 64%, respectively; all  P  < 0.001), but  vastus lateralis  (22% smaller,  P  < 0.05) was less affected, while collagen deposition was significantly increased in muscles. This pathology was associated with significant increases in tissue levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in all muscles except the  vastus lateralis , while only the  gastrocnemius  had significantly increased levels of lipid peroxidation (TBARS) and antioxidant activity (FRAP). Current data illustrates the differential responses of different skeletal muscles of the hindlimb to a chronic inflammatory challenge both in terms of redox changes and resistance to cachexia.

Redox Status and Muscle Pathology in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Insights from Various Rat Hindlimb Muscles