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The resistance mechanisms of bacteria and protozoans have evidenced the need of discover new compounds with potential pharmaceutical activity against pathogenic microorganisms. Medicinal plants have been for centuries a promising alternative as sources of new drugs. The objective of this work was to evaluate the chemical composition, antimicrobial and antileishmanial activities of  Cinnamomum zeylanicum ,  Origanum vulgare , and  Curcuma longa  essential oils. Chemical analysis was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Antimicrobial activity was performed by disk diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test. Antileishmanial activity was performed against antipromastigote and intracellular amastigote of  Leishmania amazonensis . Cytotoxic and nitrite production were realized in BALB/c peritoneal macrophages. The major compounds of the essential oils were cinnamic aldehyde (46.30%) in  C. zeylanicum , cis-p-menth-2-en-1-ol (33.88%) and linalyl acetate (13.90%) in  O. vulgare , and turmerone (55.43%) in  C. longa . The MIC showed significant antimicrobial activity of  C. longa  essential oil against  S. aureus  (83.3 ± 14.43  µ g/mL). Antipromastigote activity showed IC 50  values >500  µ g/mL to  C. zeylanicum , 308.4 ± 1.402  µ g/mL to  O. vulgare , and 405.5 ± 1.119  µ g/mL to  C. longa  essential oil. Activity against intracellular amastigote of  L. amazonensis  showed IC 50  of 63.3 ± 1.369  µ g/mL and cytotoxic was not observed, resulting in selectivity index higher than 15.79 to parasite.  C. longa  essential oil decreased nitrite production in peritoneal macrophages, but not in  Leishmania- infected cells. The chemical composition of the three essential oils is directly associated to its potential biological action, as the antimicrobial activity.  C. longa  presented a potent antileishmanial activity against promastigote and intracellular amastigote of  L. amazonensis , although this activity is not linked to nitric oxide, since  C. longa  essential oil inhibits its production.

evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine

Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Origanum vulgare, and Curcuma longa Essential Oils: Chemical Composition, Antimicrobial and Antileishmanial Activity