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MicroRNAs are small noncoding RNAs, involved in the regulation of many cellular processes in plants. Hundreds of miRNAs have been identified in cassava by various techniques, yet these identifications were constrained by a lack of miRNA templates and the narrow range of conditions in transcriptome study. In this research, we conducted genome-wide analysis identification, whereby miRNAs from cassava genome were thoroughly screened using bioinformatics approach independent of predefined templates and studied conditions. Our work provided a catalog of putative mature miRNAs and explored the landscape of miRNAome in cassava. These putative miRNAs were validated using statistical analysis as well as available cassava expression data. We showed that the crowded locations of cassava miRNAs are consistent with other plants and animals and hypothesized to have the same evolutionary origin. At least 10 conserved miRNAs were identified in cassava based on the comparative study of miRNA conservation. Finally, investigation of miRNAs and target gene relationships enabled us to envisage the complexities of cellular regulatory systems modulated at posttranscriptional level.

Genome-Wide Identification of Putative MicroRNAs in Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and Their Functional Landscape in Cellular Regulation