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There may be some differences in the  in vivo  behavior of  68 Ga-chloride and  68 Ga-citrate leading to different accumulation profiles. This study compared  68 Ga-citrate and  68 Ga-chloride PET/CT imaging under standardized experimental models.  Methods.  Diffuse  Staphylococcus aureus  tibial osteomyelitis and uncomplicated bone healing rat models were used ( n  = 32). Two weeks after surgery, PET/CT imaging was performed on consecutive days using  68 Ga-citrate or  68 Ga-chloride, and tissue accumulation was confirmed by  ex vivo  analysis. In addition, peripheral quantitative computed tomography and conventional radiography were performed. Osteomyelitis was verified by microbiological analysis and specimens were also processed for histomorphometry.  Results.  In PET/CT imaging, the SUV max  of  68 Ga-chloride and  68 Ga-citrate in the osteomyelitic tibias (3.6 ± 1.4 and 4.7 ± 1.5, resp.) were significantly higher ( P  = 0.0019 and  P  = 0.0020, resp.) than in the uncomplicated bone healing (2.7 ± 0.44 and 2.5 ± 0.49, resp.). In osteomyelitic tibias, the SUV max  of  68 Ga-citrate was significantly higher than the uptake of  68 Ga-chloride ( P  = 0.0017). In animals with uncomplicated bone healing, no difference in the SUV max  of  68 Ga-chloride or  68 Ga-citrate was seen in the operated tibias.  Conclusions.  This study further corroborates the use of  68 Ga-citrate for PET imaging of osteomyelitis.

A Comparative68Ga-Citrate and68Ga-Chloride PET/CT Imaging ofStaphylococcus aureusOsteomyelitis in the Rat Tibia

A Comparative⁶⁸Ga-Citrate and⁶⁸Ga-Chloride PET/CT Imaging ofStaphylococcus aureusOsteomyelitis in the Rat Tibia