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This study assessed the effect of  in ovo  threonine supplementation on the response of broiler chicks challenged with  Salmonella  Enteritidis, considering bacterial counts in cecal contents, intestinal morphology, body weight, and weight gain. Fertilized eggs were inoculated in the amniotic fluid with saline (NT) or 3.5% threonine (T) solution at day 17.5 of incubation. At hatch, chicks were individually weighed and cloacal swabs were screened for  Salmonella . At 2 days of age, half of the birds from each  in ovo  treatment were given either 0.5 mL of nutrient broth (sham-inoculated) or nalidixic acid-resistant  Salmonella  Enteritidis (SE Nal R ) in nutrient broth (8.3 × 10 7  colony forming units (CFU) SE Nal R /mL). The birds were distributed using a completely randomized design with four treatments after the  Salmonella  challenge: no  in ovo  Thr supplementation and sham-inoculated in the posthatch challenge (NT-SHAM),  in ovo  Thr supplementation and sham-inoculated (T-SHAM), no  in ovo  Thr supplementation and SE Nal R -challenged (NT-SE), and  in ovo  Thr supplementation and SE Nal R -challenged (T-SE).  In ovo  threonine supplementation reduced  Salmonella  Enteritidis colonization 168-hour postinoculation and reduced the negative effects associated with  Salmonella  infection on intestinal morphology and performance, with results similar to those of the sham-inoculated birds.  In ovo  Thr supplementation increased the expression of  MUC2  at hatch and the expression of  MUC2  and  IgA  at 2 days of age and 168-hour postinoculation. Our results suggest that providing  in ovo  threonine promotes intestinal health in broilers challenged with  Salmonella  Enteritidis in the first days of life.

journal of immunology research

Intra-Amnionic Threonine Administered to Chicken Embryos Reduces <i>Salmonella</i> Enteritidis Cecal Counts and Improves Posthatch Intestinal Development

Intra-Amnionic Threonine Administered to Chicken Embryos Reduces Salmonella Enteritidis Cecal Counts and Improves Posthatch Intestinal Development