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Based on the ethnopharmacological evidences about the antileishmanial activity of  Copaifera  spp. oleoresins, the effects of crude extracts and fractions of oleoresin of two specimens from  Copaifera paupera  were evaluated on  Leishmania amazonensis  and  Leishmania infantum  strains. The oleoresin rich in  α -copaene (38.8%) exhibited the best activity against  L. amazonensis  (IC 50  = 62.5  μ g/mL) and against  L. infantum  (IC 50  = 65.9  μ g/mL). The sesquiterpene  α -copaene isolated was tested alone and exhibited high antileishmanial activity  in vitro  with IC 50  values for  L. amazonensis  and  L. infantum  of 17.2 and 11.4  μ g/mL, respectively. In order to increase antileishmanial activity, nanoemulsions containing copaiba oleoresin and  α -copaene were developed and assayed against  L. amazonensis  and  L. infantum  promastigotes. The nanoemulsion containing  α -copaene (NANOCOPAEN) showed the best activity against both species, with IC 50  of 2.5 and 2.2  μ g/mL, respectively. This is the first report about the antileishmanial activity of  α -copaene.

Development of Nanoemulsions to Enhance the Antileishmanial Activity ofCopaifera pauperaOleoresins