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Background   Type 1 diabetes (T1D) in adolescents is associated with alterations in the insulin-like factor system probably caused both by a deranged metabolism and insulinopenia in the portal vein.Objective   To study how the circulating IGF-1 is affected at diagnosis and during subsequent years in adolescents with T1D.Methods   Ten girls and ten boys with type 1 diabetes (T1D), aged 13.0 ± 1.4 (mean ± SD) years at diagnosis, took part in the study. Blood samples were drawn at diagnosis and after 3, 9, 18, and 48 months. HbA1c, total IGF-1, and C-peptide were measured.Results   At diagnosis, the patients had high HbA1c, low IGF-1, and measurable C-peptide. After the start of insulin treatment, maximal improvement in glycemic control and IGF-1 occurred within 3 months and then both tended to deteriorate, that is, HbA1c to increase and IGF-1 to decrease. C-peptide decreased with time, and after 4 years, half of the patients were C-peptide negative. At diagnosis, C-peptide correlated positively to IGF-1 ( r  = 0.50;  p  < 0.03). C-peptide correlated negatively with insulin dose (U/kg) after 18 and 48 months from diagnosis ( r  = −0.48;  p  < 0.03 and  r  = −0.72;  p  < 0.001, resp.).Conclusions   In conclusion, our results show that in newly diagnosed adolescents with type 1 diabetes and deranged metabolism, the IGF-1 level is low and rapidly improves with insulin treatment but later tends to decrease concomitantly with declining endogenous insulin secretion.

Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 at Diagnosis and during Subsequent Years in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes