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Objective   To explore the association between infections with HIV and  Schistosoma japonicum , and to determine the influences of the HIV- S. japonicum  coinfections on the immune system of Yi people.Methods   A block design study was conducted in a Yi county in southwestern China, one of the endemic areas of both HIV/AIDS and  S. japonicum  in China. All participants were screened for HIV antibodies and  S. japonicum  antibodies (SjAb) and were classified into four groups: HIV(+)/ S. japonicum (−), HIV(−)/ S. japonicum  (+), HIV(+)/ S. japonicum (+), and HIV(−)/ S. japonicum (−).Results   There were significant differences among the four groups in both CD4 +  T lymphocytes and CD8 +  T lymphocytes, but no significant difference in CD3 +  T lymphocytes. Both the CD4 +  T lymphocyte counts and the ratio of CD4 + /CD8 +  were lower in HIV-infected people compared with those uninfected. People infected with  S. japonicum  had increased CD4 +  T lymphocyte counts but reduced CD8 +  T lymphocyte counts. Similarly, the ratio of CD4 + /CD8 +  was higher in  S. japonicum -infected people compared with those uninfected. People coinfected with HIV and  S. japonicum  had lower CD4 +  T lymphocyte counts, lower ratio of CD4 + /CD8 + , and higher CD8 +  T lymphocyte counts compared with those infected with HIV only or  S. japonicum  only. People infected with HIV only and those coinfected with HIV and  S. japonicum  had a higher level of IFN- γ  compared with people with no infection. There were no significant differences between people infected with HIV only and with  S. japonicum  only in the levels of IFN- γ  and IL-10.Conclusions   People coinfected with HIV and  S. japonicum  might have a suppressed immune function because of a decrease in CD4 +  T lymphocyte counts, a lowered ratio of CD4 + /CD8 + , and an increase in CD8 +  T lymphocyte counts. Coinfection with HIV and  S. japonicum  would alter the level of IFN- γ  in plasma.

Immune Dysfunction and Coinfection with Human Immunodeficiency Virus andSchistosoma japonicumin Yi People