English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

This study was designed to investigate the cytotoxicity and haemotoxicity of the Western barred (zebra) spitting cobra ( Naja nigricincta nigricincta ) venom to help explain atypical and inconsistent reports on syndromes by Namibian physicians treating victims of human ophidian accidents. Freeze-dried venom milked from adult zebra snakes was dissolved in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) for use in this study. Haemorrhagic and necrotic activity of venom were studied in New Zealand albino rabbits. Oedema-forming activity was investigated in 10-day-old Cobb500 broiler chicks. Procoagulant and thrombolytic activity was investigated in adult Kalahari red goat blood  in vitro . The rabbit skin minimum hemorrhagic dose (MHD) for  N. n. nigricincta  was 9.8 μ g. The minimum necrotizing dose (MND) for  N. n. nigricincta  venom was 12.2 μ g. The  N. n. nigricincta  venom showed linear dose-dependent procoagulant activity on goat blood (p<0.05). Likewise,  N. n. nigricincta  venom showed linear dose-dependent thrombolytic activity on goat blood (p<0.05, n = 6). Subplantar injection of  N. n. nigricincta  venom (25 μ g, 50 μ g, 75 μ g, and 100 μ g) into chick paw resulted in peak oedema of 35.5%, 38.5%, 42.9%, and 47.5%, respectively, two hours after injection. Paw oedema subsided within five hours to a mean volume ranging from 5% (25 μ g venom) to 17.6% (100 μ g venom). In conclusion, though  N. n. nigricincta  belongs to the genus  Elapidae , the current study has shown its venom to possess potent hemorrhagic, necrotic (cytotoxic), and paradoxically, both procoagulant and thrombolytic activity. The authors propose further work to fractionate, isolate, and elucidate the structure of the various  N. n. nigricincta  venom toxins as a prelude to the development of an antivenom.

journal of toxicology

Quantitative Characterization of the Hemorrhagic, Necrotic, Coagulation-Altering Properties and Edema-Forming Effects of Zebra Snake (Naja nigricincta nigricincta) Venom