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EPRI-supported research has identified critical material information regarding the factors affecting the performance of creep strength-enhanced ferritic steels, in general, and Grade 91 steel, in particular. EPRI recommendations emphasize that a five-point, integrated strategy should be used for the effective life management of components fabricated from tempered martensitic steels. This integration promotes a balanced use of resources which, when properly focused, reduces uncertainty regarding creep and fracture behavior. Tighter control of processes from steel making, steel processing, and heat treatment ensures that alloys with deficient properties never enter service. One cornerstone of this proactive approach is the definition of ‘Metallurgical Risk’ which links the presence of inclusions and trace elements to the susceptibility for creep damage. The improved confidence in the high temperature performance of CSEF steel components promotes reliability, increases efficiency, and minimizes the risk of component fracture.

Metallurgical and Stress State Factors Which Affect the Creep and Fracture Behavior of 9% Cr Steels