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Portulaca oleracea  L. is a traditional Chinese medicine, which has been used as adjuvant therapy for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the mechanism of its activity in IBD still remains unclear. Since previous studies have documented the anti-inflammatory effect of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors- γ  (PPAR- γ ),  Portulaca  regulation of PPAR- γ  in inflammation was examined in current study. Ulcerative colitis (UC) was generated by 5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in mice and four groups were established as normal control, DSS alone, DSS plus mesalamine, and DSS plus  Portulaca . Severity of UC was evaluated by body weight, stool blood form, and length of colorectum. Inflammation was examined by determination of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-a, IL-6, and IL-1a).  Portulaca  extract was able to attenuate development of UC in DSS model similar to the treatment of mesalazine. Moreover,  Portulaca  extract inhibited proinflammatory cytokines release and reduced the level of DSS-induced NF- κ B phosphorylation. Furthermore,  Portulaca  extract restored PPAR- γ  level, which was reduced by DSS. In addition,  Portulaca  extract protected DSS induced apoptosis in mice. In conclusion,  Portulaca  extract can alleviate colitis in mice through regulation of inflammatory reaction, apoptosis, and PPAR- γ  level; therefore,  Portulaca  extract can be a potential candidate for the treatment of IBD.

Portulaca Extract Attenuates Development of Dextran Sulfate Sodium Induced Colitis in Mice through Activation of PPARγ