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Neopicrorhiza scrophulariiflora  (Pennell) D. Y. Hong of Scrophulariaceae family (hereinafter referred to as  Neopicrorhiza ) has medicinally important rhizomes with high levels of trade. What factors drive demand for  Neopicrorhiza  in Central Himalaya is unknown. In this context, a nationwide comprehensive survey was conducted from September 2016 to March 2017 to assess demand, end-uses, and conservation of dry  Neopicrorhiza  rhizomes in Nepal. A total of 2313 herbal products were surveyed for  Neopicrorhiza  as an ingredient in 38 retailer shops. Processing industries of  Neopicrorhiza  in Nepal were interviewed using structured questionnaire. There were 23 herbal industries manufacturing 45 types of ayurvedic medicines as end-products containing  Neopicrorhiza . The volume and value of annual demand for dry rhizomes of  Neopicrorhiza  in Nepal were found as 6076 kg and NRs 8573236 (USD 83235.30), respectively, in 2015/016 with average 264.17 kg/industry and NRs 1410.87 (USD 13.69) per kg. The major uses of ayurvedic medicines containing  Neopicrorhiza  were to treat a number of disease categories: cardiovascular system/liver (17), cardiovascular system/blood (6), nervous system (6), dermatological system (4), musculoskeletal system (3), digestive system (2), respiratory system (2), genitourinal system (4), and others (1). Despite changing legal regulation, trade and consumption of  Neopicrorhiza  exist in Nepal. It can be concluded that domestic consumption is not the major cause of resource depletion of  Neopicrorhiza  in Nepal.

Demand, End-Uses, and Conservation of Alpine Medicinal Plant Neopicrorhiza scrophulariiflora (Pennell) D. Y. Hong in Central Himalaya