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In this paper, a versatile solver of a nonconformal volume integral equation based on the Schaubert-Wilton-Glisson (SWG) basis function is presented. Instead of using a piecewise constant function, the robust conventional SWG basis function is chosen and used directly for discontinuous boundaries. A new map method technique is proposed for constructing SWG pairs, which reduces the complexity from   ON    2to   O    N  log  Ncompared with a brute-force method. The integral equation is solved by the method of moments (MoM) and further accelerated by the multilevel fast multipole algorithm (MLFMA). What’s more, the hybrid scheme of MLFMA and adaptive cross approximation (ACA) is developed to resolve the low-frequency (LF) breakdown when dealing with over-dense mesh objects. Numerical results show that when in analysis of radiation or scattering problems from inhomogeneous dielectric objects or in LF conditions, the proposed solver shows high efficiency without loss of accuracy, which demonstrates the versatile performance of the proposed method.

Versatile Solver of Nonconformal Volume Integral Equation Based on SWG Basis Function