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Objective   Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) cause various diseases in humans and animals. Recently, the prevalence of NTM-related disease has been on the rise, becoming an emerging public health problem. The aim of this study was to determine the antibiotic susceptibility profiles of clinical isolates of  Mycobacterium abscessus and Mycobacterium fortuitum. Methods . We performed susceptibility tests on 37 clinical NTM isolates to 30 antibiotics with the microdilution method recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute.Results   Both  M. abscessus  and  M. fortuitum  were highly resistant to antitubercular drugs such as isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, clofazimine, ethionamide, and rifabutin.  M. abscessus  showed the lowest resistant rates to cefoxitin (10%), azithromycin (10%), amikacin (10%), and clarithromycin (20%) and very high resistant to sulfamethoxazole, vancomycin, oxacillin, clindamycin, and all fluoroquinolones.  M. fortuitum  showed low resistance to tigecycline (0%), tetracycline (0%), cefmetazole (12%), imipenem (12%), linezolid (18%), and the aminoglycosides amikacin (0%), tobramycin (0%), neomycin (0%), and gentamycin (24%).Conclusion  Amikacin, cefoxitin, and azithromycin have the highest  in vitro  activity against  M. abscessus . Isolates of  M. fortuitum  need to be individually evaluated for drug susceptibility before choosing an effective antimicrobial regimen for treatment of infections.

In Vitro Susceptibility of Mycobacterium abscessus and Mycobacterium fortuitum Isolates to 30 Antibiotics