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Ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) kinase is a master regulator of the DNA damage response and is directly activated by reactive oxygen species (ROSs) in addition to DNA double-stranded breaks. However, the physiological function of the response to ROSs is not understood.Purpose   In the present study, we investigated how ATM responds to ROSs in  Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) .Materials and Methods   First, we measured sensitivities of larvae to DNA-damaging agents and ROSs. Next, we analyzed the drug sensitivities of fully matured adult worms, which consist of nondividing somatic cells. Dead cell staining with acridine orange was performed to visualize the dead cells. In addition, we performed GFP reporter assays of  lgg-1 , an autophagy-related gene, to determine the types of cell death.Results    atm-1 ( tm5027 ) larvae showed a wide range of sensitivities to both DNA-damaging agents and ROSs. In contrast, fully matured adult worms, which consist of nondividing somatic cells, showed sensitivity to DNA-damaging agent, NaHSO 3 , but they showed resistance to H 2 O 2 . Dead cell staining and GFP reporter assays of  lgg-1  suggest that  C. elegans  ATM-1 induces the cell death with autophagy in intestinal cells in response to H 2 O 2 .Conclusion   We revealed that ATM induces cell death in response to H 2 O 2 .

ATM Induces Cell Death with Autophagy in Response to H2O2 Specifically in Caenorhabditis elegans Nondividing Cells

ATM Induces Cell Death with Autophagy in Response to H₂O₂ Specifically in Caenorhabditis elegans Nondividing Cells