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Isocitric acid exists in the form of four stereoisomers, of which only the  threo -Ds-form (ICA) is a natural active compound, an intermediate of Krebs cycle, and suitable for nutritional and pharmaceutical use. In this paper, we propose a method for ICA production from ethanol by yeast  Yarrowia lipolytica . The effects of temperature, pH of the medium, and aeration on the growth of the producer  Y. lipolytica  VKM Y-2373 and synthesis of ICA were studied. An optimal fermentation regime, which ensures a good growth of the producer and directed synthesis of the target product, was determined. The producer is advised to carry out cultivation at 29°C and various pH of the medium and the oxygen concentration (pH 5 and pO 2  20–25% (of saturation) during the growth period and pH 6 and pO 2  50–55% (of saturation) during the acid formation) on a nutrient medium containing an increased content of zinc (0.6 mg/L), iron (1.2 mg/L), and 30 mM itaconic acid (inhibitor of isocitrate lyase—the key enzyme of ICA metabolism) should also be introduced into the nutrition medium. Such fermentation production mode provides 90.5 g/L ICA with process selectivity of 80%, mass yield ( Y  ICA ) of 0.77 g/g, and energy yield ( η  ICA ) of 0.278 g/g.

Fermentation Conditions and Media Optimization for Isocitric Acid Production from Ethanol byYarrowia lipolytica