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Background   In this study, 18 methanol extracts from Cameroonian edible plants were tested for their antibacterial activities against 26 strains of  S. aureus ; the role of efflux pumps in the resistance of tested bacteria and the antibiotic resistance-modulating activities against selected multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotypes were also investigated.Methods   Broth microdilution assay was used to evaluate the antibacterial activity, the role of efflux pumps, and the antibiotic resistance-modulating effects of plant extracts.Results   Extracts from  Dacryodes edulis  seeds (DES) and  Dacryodes edulis  bark (DEB) were active against all 26 tested bacterial strains, within the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) range of 256–1024  µ g/mL. MIC values varied from 64 to 1024  µ g/mL against 96.2% of the 26 tested bacteria for  Phaseolus vulgaris  leaves (PVL), 92.3% for  Azadirachta indica  bark (AIB),  Dacryodes edulis  leaves (DEL), and  Ricinodendron heudelotii  leaves (RHL). The lowest MIC value of 64  µ g/mL was obtained with the extract from  Cucurbita maxima  beans (CMB) against MRSA4 strain and from  Uapaca guineensis  bark (UGB) against MRSA9 strain. Bacterial efflux pump inhibitor (EPI), carbonyl cyanide  m -chlorophenyl hydrazone (CCCP), improved the activity of DES and UGB as well as that of extracts from  Hibiscus esculentus  leaves (HEL) and  Uapaca guineensis  leaves (UGL) against resistant  S. aureus  strains. Antibiotic-modulating effects against more than 70% of the  S. aureus  strains tested were obtained when RHL (at MIC/2) was combined with CIP, ERY, and KAN (88.89%), CHL (88.89%), TET (77.78%), and STR (88.89%).Conclusion   The present study demonstrated that the 13 tested plants had antistaphylococcal effects and that DES, HEL, UGL, and UGB could be used in combination with EPI to combat resistance to  Staphylococcus aureus . Also, it demonstrated that some studied extracts and mostly RHL could be used as antibiotic resistance modulators to fight against resistant strains of  S. aureus .

Antistaphylococcal and Antibiotic Resistance Modulatory Activities of Thirteen Cameroonian Edible Plants against Resistant Phenotypes