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To explore the effects of icariin on the biocompatibility of dental implants, icariin- (ICA-) loaded TiO 2  nanotubes were fabricated on Ti substrates via anodic oxidation and physical absorption. The surface characteristics of the specimens were monitored by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), contact angle measurements (CA), and high-pressure liquid chromatography. Additionally, the activities of bone marrow cells, such as cytoskeletal, proliferative activities, mineralization, and osteogenesis-related gene expression on the substrates were investigated in detail. The characterization results demonstrated that ICA-loaded TiO 2  nanotubes were successfully fabricated and the hydrophilicity of these TiO 2  nanotubes was significantly higher than that of the pure Ti groups. The results also showed that ICA-loaded TiO 2  nanotubes might not have enhanced effects on cell proliferation and ALP expression. However, it seemed to significantly promote differentiation of bone marrow cells, demonstrated by enhancing the formation of mineralized nodule and the upregulation of the gene expression such as OC, BSP, OPN, and COL-1. The results indicated that ICA-loaded TiO 2  nanotubes can modulate bioactivity of bone marrow cells, which is promising for potential applications in the orthopedics field.

Icariin-Loaded TiO2 Nanotubes for Regulation of the Bioactivity of Bone Marrow Cells

Icariin-Loaded TiO₂ Nanotubes for Regulation of the Bioactivity of Bone Marrow Cells