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Expression of type I and II interferon (IFN) was evaluated in gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of HIV-1-positive patients on long-term, suppressive, antiretroviral therapy before and after probiotic supplementation. IFN α  subtypes and IFN β  were expressed at higher levels in GALT compared to PBMC, whereas an opposite trend of expression was recorded for IFN γ . An increase of IFN α 6, IFN α 10, IFN α 14, IFN α 17, and IFN α 21 and a decrease of IFN γ  were observed in both anatomical sites after probiotic supplementation.

journal of immunology research

Type I/II Interferon in HIV-1-Infected Patients: Expression in Gut Mucosa and in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and Its Modification upon Probiotic Supplementation