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Background   Metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a pivotal role during the process of trophoblast invasion and placentation. The appearance of five functional single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the genes of the metalloproteinases most commonly implicated in the implantation process may influence the development of preeclampsia.Methods   Blood samples were collected from 86 mothers and 86 children after preeclampsia and 85 mothers and 85 children with uncomplicated pregnancies. The distribution of genotypes for −1607 1G/2G  MMP1 , −735 C/T  MMP2 , −1306 C/T  MMP2 , −1171 5A/6A  MMP3 , and −1562C/T  MMP9  polymorphisms was determined by RFLP-PCR.Results   The occurrence of 1G/1G  MMP1  or 5A/5A  MMP3  genotype in the mother or 1G/1G  MMP1  or 5A/6A  MMP3  genotype in the child is associated with preeclampsia development. Moreover, simultaneous maternal and fetal 1G/1G homozygosity increases the risk of preeclampsia development 2.39-fold and the set of maternal 5A/5A and fetal 5A/6A  MMP3  genotypes by over 4.5 times. No association between the carriage of studied  MMP2  or  MMP9  polymorphisms and the predisposition to preeclampsia was found.Conclusion   The maternal 1G/1G  MMP1  and 5A/5A  MMP3  and fetal 1G/1G  MMP1  and 5A/6A  MMP3  gene polymorphisms may be strong genetic markers of preeclampsia, occurring either individually or together.

disease markers

Association of Maternal and Fetal Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Metalloproteinase (MMP1, MMP2, MMP3, and MMP9) Genes with Preeclampsia