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Melioidosis is a severe and fatal tropical zoonosis, which is triggered by  Burkholderia pseudomallei . To better understand the host's response to infection of  B. pseudomallei , an RNA-Seq technology was used to confirm differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in RAW264.7 cells infected with  B. pseudomallei . In total, 4668 DEGs were identified across three time points (4, 8, and 11 hours after infection). Short Time-Series Expression Miner (STEM) analysis revealed the temporal gene expression profiles and identified seven significant patterns in a total of 26 profiles. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) was utilized to confirm significantly enriched immune process-associated pathways, and 10 DEGs, including  Ccl9, Ifnb1, Tnfα, Ptgs2, Tnfaip3, Zbp1, Ccl5, Ifi202b, Nfkbia,  and  Nfkbie , were mapped to eight immune process-associated pathways. Subsequent quantitative real-time PCR assays confirmed that the 10 DEGs were all upregulated during infection. Overall, the results showed that  B. pseudomallei  infection can initiate a time-series upregulation of immune process-associated DEGs in RAW264.7 macrophage cells. The discovery of this article helps us better understand the biological function of the immune process-associated genes during  B. pseudomallei  infection and may aid in the development of prophylaxis and treatment protocols for melioidosis.

Upregulation of Immune Process-Associated Genes in RAW264.7 Macrophage Cells in Response toBurkholderia pseudomalleiInfection