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The carmine spider mite  Tetranychus cinnabarinus  is a major pest of crop and vegetable plants worldwide. Previous studies have shown that scopoletin is a promising acaricidal compound against  Tetranychus cinnabarinus.  However, the acaricidal mechanism of scopoletin remains unclear. In the present study, 12 full-length cDNAs of chitinase (CHIT) genes from  Tetranychus cinnabarinus  (designated  TcCHITs ) were cloned and characterized. Although  TcCHITs  were expressed throughout all life stages, their expression levels were significantly upregulated during the larval and nymphal stages.  TcCHITs  were downregulated 24 h after treatment with scopoletin and upregulated 24 h after treatment with diflubenzuron (DFB, a chitin synthesis inhibitor). Feeding double-stranded RNA effectively silenced  TcCHIT  transcription in  Tetranychus cinnabarinus , thus increasing its susceptibility to scopoletin but reducing that to DFB. Meanwhile,  TcCHIT  silencing in larvae and adult resulted in an extremely low molting rate (7.3%) and high mortality rate (53.3%), respectively, compared with those in the control group. CHIT genes are closely related to arthropod survival, molting, and development in  Tetranychus cinnabarinus , suggesting that acaricidal mechanisms of scopoletin and DFB may occur by inhibition and activation of CHIT gene expression, respectively.  TcCHIT  constitutes a possible target of scopoletin and DFB in  Tetranychus cinnabarinus .

Silencing Chitinase Genes Increases Susceptibility ofTetranychus cinnabarinus(Boisduval) to Scopoletin