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We investigated effectiveness of ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide enhanced susceptibility weighted imaging (USPIO-enhanced SWI) and mean vessel density imaging ( Q ) in monitoring antiangiogenic effects of Sorafenib on orthotopic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Thirty-five HCC xenografts were established. USPIO-enhanced SWI and  Q  were performed on a 1.5 T MR scanner at baseline, 7, 14, and 21 days after Sorafenib treatment. Intratumoral susceptibility signal intensity (ITSS) and  Q  were serially measured and compared between the treated ( n  = 15) and control groups ( n  = 15). Both ITSS and  Q  were significantly lower in the treated group at each time point ( P  < 0.05). Measurements in the treated group showed that ITSS persisted at 7 days ( P  = 0.669) and increased at 14 and 21 days ( P  < 0.05), while  Q  significantly declined at 7 days ( P  = 0.028) and gradually increased at 14 and 21 days. In the treated group, significant correlation was found between  Q  and histologic microvessel density (MVD) ( r  = 0.753,  P <  0.001), and ITSS correlated well with MVD ( r  = 0.742,  P  = 0.002) after excluding the data from baseline. This study demonstrated that USPIO-enhanced SWI and  Q  could provide novel biomarkers for evaluating antiangiogenic effects of Sorafenib on HCC.

contrast media and molecular imaging/contrast media and molecular imaging

Use of Ultrasmall Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Enhanced Susceptibility Weighted Imaging and Mean Vessel Density Imaging to Monitor Antiangiogenic Effects of Sorafenib on Experimental Hepatocellular Carcinoma