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In traditional Chinese and Korean homeopathic medicine,  Chrysanthemum indicum  Linné (Asteraceae) is a time-honored herb, prescribed for the resolution of symptoms associated with inflammatory and hypertensive conditions as well as those affecting the lungs and its associated structures. The goal of this work is to investigate the defensive role of  Chrysanthemum indicum  extract in fighting ankylosing spondylitis (AS) using mouse models, through which the manifestation and extent of the disease progression were measured with quantitative analysis of the intervertebral joints. Markers of inflammation as well as oxidative stress were also analysed. Western blot was used to quantify the levels of Nuclear Factor- κ B (NF- κ B) p65, Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1), and sclerostin (SOST). Consequently, the findings of this experiment demonstrated that AS in mice that were given  Chrysanthemum indicum  extract had lower level of TNF- α , IL-1 β , and IL-6 ( P  < 0.05) and increased level of catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) ( P  < 0.05). The results also revealed that  Chrysanthemum indicum  supplemented with diet contributed to a decrease in Nuclear Factor- κ B (NF- κ B) p65 protein expression ( P  < 0.05) and higher levels of DKK-1 and SOST proteins ( P  < 0.05). Therefore, we concluded that the beneficial role of  Chrysanthemum indicum  in AS is manifested through downregulating oxidative stress, inhibiting inflammatory mediators and NF- κ B, and increasing DKK-1 and SOST levels.

The Protective Effect of Chrysanthemum indicum Extract against Ankylosing Spondylitis in Mouse Models