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Paeonia lactiflora  is a herbaceous flower in the family  Paeoniaceae  with both hypocotyl and epicotyl dormant seeds. We used high-throughput transcriptome sequencing on two different developmental stages of  P. lactiflora  seeds to identify seed dormancy and germination-related genes. We performed de novo assembly and annotated a total of 123,577 unigenes, which encoded 24,688 putative proteins with 47 GO categories. A total of 10,714 unigenes were annotated in the KEGG database, and 258 pathways were involved in the annotations. A total of 1795 genes were differentially expressed in the functional enrichment analysis. The key genes for seed germination and dormancy, such as  GAI1  and  ARF , were confirmed by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis. This is the first report of sequencing the  P. lactiflora  seed transcriptome. Our results provide fundamental frame work and technical support for further selective breeding and cultivation of  Paeonia . Our transcriptomic data also serves as the basis for future genetics and genomics research on  Paeonia  and its closely related species.

Transcriptome Analysis of Two Different Developmental Stages of Paeonia lactiflora Seeds