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Background . The prevalence of allergies is steadily increasing worldwide; however, the pathogenesis is still unclear. We hypothesized that  Mycobacterium avium  subsp.  paratuberculosis  (MAP) may contribute to allergy development. This organism can be present in dairy foods, it can elicit an immunomodulatory switch from a Th1 to a Th2 response, and it has been speculated that it is linked to several human autoimmune diseases. To determine the contribution, sera from 99 individuals with various atopic disorders and 45 healthy nonallergic controls were assessed for total IgE levels and successively for MAP-specific IgE by ELISA.  Results . The mean total serum IgE level in allergic patients was 256 ± 235 IU/mL, and in the healthy controls it was 62 ± 44 IU/mL (AUC = 0.88;  p  < 0.0001). Among the patient groups, 50 of the 99 subjects had increased IgE total level ≥ 150 IU/mL, while 49 subjects had IgE ≤ 150 IU/mL (mean level: 407 ± 256 IU/mL versus 106 ± 16 IU/mL;  p  < 0.0001). Additionally, 6 out of 50 subjects (12%) with IgE ≥ 150 IU/mL and none (0%) with IgE ≤ 150 IU/mL were positive for specific MAP IgE (AUC = 0.63;  p  = 0.03).  Conclusion.  The present study revealed that MAP has the ability to induce specific IgE and might contribute to the induction of allergic inflammation in genetically predisposed individuals.

Mycobacterium avium Subsp. paratuberculosis Induces Specific IgE Production in Japanese People with Allergies